- Savelli, Troilo, -15922
- Savonarola, Girolamo, 1452-14982
- Sayf, King of Yemen, approximately 516-approximately 5741
- Sayfī, Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad Mahdī, -1727 or 1728. Naẓm Zubdat al-uṣūl1
- Sayings3
- Saʻdī Chalabī, Saʻd Allāh ibn ʻĪsá, -1538 or 1539. Ḥāshiyah ʻalá Anwār al-tanzīl1
- Saʻdīyah1
- Saʻīdī, Mīr Abū al-Fatḥ ibn Makhdūm, active 16th century. Ḥāshiyah ʻalá al-ʻAḍudīyah9
- Scales (Weighing instruments)1
- Schmalkaldic War (1546-1547)1
- Scholasticism4
- School principals1
- Schools3
- Science18
- Science, Medieval5
- Scissors and shears1
- Scribes1
- Scribes, Jewish2
- Scroll of Antiochus1
- Scrolls1