- Pablo de Santa Maria, Bishop of Burgos, approximately 1351-14351
- Philip II, King of Spain, 1527-15981
- Philip III, King of Spain, 1578-16211
- Philip IV, King of Spain, 1605-16651
- Philosophers, Ancient1
- Portugal1
- Prophets1
- Ramiro II, King of Leon, -9511
- Reformation1
- Roderick, King of the Visigoths, -711?1
- Rome (Empire)1
- Sancho II, King of Castile and Leon, 1037 or 1038-10721
- Sancho IV, King of Castile and Leon, 1257-12951
- Saudi Arabia--Hejaz1
- Science1
- Shahjahan, Emperor of India, approximately 1592-16661
- Southern Arabia1
- Spain--Aragon1
- Spain--Covadonga1
- Spain--Granada1