- Rāfiʻī, ʻAbd al-Karīm ibn Muḥammad, 1162-1226. Muḥarrar1
- Rāzī, Fakhr al-Dīn Muḥammad ibn ʻUmar, 1149 or 1150-1210. Lubāb al-Ishārāt1
- Rīzawī, ʻUthmān Ṣabrī ibn Ismāʻīl, active 19th century. Risālah al-jadīdah fī al-waḍʻ1
- Rūmī, ʻAbd Allāh ibn ʻAbd Allāh, d. 15791
- Sabzavārī, Hādī ibn Mahdī, b. 1797 or 8. Tālīqāt ʻalá Asrār al-āyāt1
- Sacred books1
- Saffron crocus1
- Saints1
- Sajāwandī, Sirāj al-Dīn Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad, active 12th century. Waqf wa-al-ibtidāʼ1
- Sakhāwī, Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad. Durrah al-bahīyah fī al-masāʼil al-fiqhīyah1
- Saladin, Sultan of Egypt and Syria, 1137-11931
- Samaritans1
- Samarqandī, Abū al-Qāsim ibn Abī Bakr, 15th cent. Risālah al-Samarqandīyah fī al-istiʻārāt1
- Samarqandī, Abū al-Qāsim ibn Abī Bakr, active 15th century. Risālah al-Samarqandīyah fī al-istiʻarāt1
- Samarqandī, Abū al-Qāsim ibn Abī Bakr, active 15th century. Sharḥ al-Waḍʻīyah1
- Samarqandī, Muḥammad ibn Ashraf, 13th cent. Ashkāl al-taʼsīs1
- Samarqandī, Muḥammad ibn Maḥmūd. Sharḥ al-Qaṣīdah al-fāʼiḥah fī tajwīd al-Fātiḥah1
- Samarqandī, Muḥammad ibn Yūsuf, d. 1160 or 61. Multaqaṭ1
- Samtī, Yūsuf ibn Khālid, -805 or 8061
- Samāʻ al-ṭabīʻī (Avicenna)1