- Rucellai, Guglielmo de'1
- Rufina, Saint, -approximately 2871
- Ruralia commoda (Crescenzi, Pietro de')1
- Russia (Federation)--Dagestan1
- Rāfiʻī, ʻAbd al-Karīm ibn Muḥammad, 1162-1226. Muḥarrar1
- Rāzī, Fakhr al-Dīn Muḥammad ibn ʻUmar, 1149 or 1150-1210. Lubāb al-Ishārāt1
- Sabbath1
- Sabbath (Jewish law)1
- Sabzavārī, Hādī ibn Mahdī, 1797 or 1798- Nibrās al-hudá1
- Sacramentaries1
- Sacred books1
- Sajāwandī, Sirāj al-Dīn Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad, active 12th century. Waqf wa-al-ibtidāʼ1
- Sajʻ1
- Sakhāwī, Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad. Durrah al-bahīyah fī al-masāʼil al-fiqhīyah1
- Saladin, Sultan of Egypt and Syria, 1137-11931
- Samaritans1
- Samarqandī, Abū al-Qāsim ibn Abī Bakr, active 15th century. Risālah al-Samarqandīyah fī al-istiʻarāt1
- Samarqandī, Abū al-Qāsim ibn Abī Bakr, active 15th century. Sharḥ al-Waḍʻīyah1
- Samarqandī, Muḥammad ibn Yūsuf, -1160 or 1161. Fiqh al-nāfiʻ1
- Samtī, Yūsuf ibn Khālid, -805 or 8061