- Ropshitser, Naphtali Ẓevi, 1760-18271
- Rosh Hodesh--Liturgy1
- Rossi, Azariah ben Moses dei, approximately 1511-approximately 1578. Tsedeḳ ʻOlamim1
- Rucellai, Cosimo, 1495-15191
- Rupert, of Deutz, approximately 1075-11291
- Russia (Federation)1
- Rustam (Legendary character)1
- Râmâyaṇa (Old Javanese kakawin)1
- Rāfiʻī, ʻAbd al-Karīm ibn Muḥammad, 1162-1226. ʻAzīz ʻalá al-Wajīz1
- Rāgamālā painting1
- Rāghib, Muḥammad, 1698 or 1699-1762 or 17631
- Rāma Daivajña, active 17th century. Muhūrtacintāmaṇi1
- Rāzī, Fakhr al-Dīn Muḥammad ibn ʻUmar, 1149 or 1150-1210. Lubāb al-Ishārāt1
- Rīzawī, ʻUthmān Ṣabrī ibn Ismāʻīl, active 19th century. Risālah al-jadīdah fī al-waḍʻ1
- Sabbath (Jewish law)1
- Sabzavārī, Hādī ibn Mahdī, b. 1797 or 8. Tālīqāt ʻalá Asrār al-āyāt1
- Sacraments1
- Sacrifice1
- Saint-Geoire-en-Valdaine (France)1
- Sajāwandī, Sirāj al-Dīn Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad, active 12th century. Waqf wa-al-ibtidāʼ1