- Perush ha-Torah (Naḥmanides)1
- Peter Lombard, Bishop of Paris, approximately 1100-11601
- Peter Martyr, Saint, approximately 1205-12521
- Phaedra (Greek mythological character)1
- Phalaris, Tyrant of Agrigentum, active 6th century B.C.1
- Phanariots1
- Pharmacognosy1
- Pharmacology1
- Pharmacopoeias1
- Pharmacy--Study and teaching1
- Pharsalia (Lucan)1
- Philanthropists1
- Philip II, King of Macedonia, 382 B.C.-336 B.C.1
- Philip II, King of Spain, 1527-15981
- Philip IV, King of Spain, 1605-16651
- Philip, Duke of Burgundy, 1396-14671
- Philipp I, Landgraf von Hessen, 1504-15671
- Philippines1
- Philology1
- Philosophers, Ancient1