- Romero family1
- Ros Pelayre, Miguel1
- Rueda family1
- Rueda, Baltasar de, active 1553-15691
- Rueda, Bernardino de, active 1553-15691
- Rueda, Luis de, active 1553-15691
- Rueda, Rodrigo de, active 1553-15691
- Rufina, Saint, -approximately 2871
- Rules1
- Sacred vocal music1
- Seals, wax1
- Sententiarum libri IV (Peter Lombard, Bishop of Paris)1
- Service books (Music)--Catholic Church1
- Silver mines and mining1
- Smelting1
- Spain--Archidona1
- Spain--Barcelona1
- Spain--Belmonte1
- Spain--Belorado1
- Spain--Burgos1