- Samāʻ al-ṭabīʻī (Avicenna)1
- Sanūsī, Muḥammad ibn Yūsuf, approximately 1427-approximately 1490. Muqaddimah1
- Sanūsī, Muḥammad ibn Yūsuf, approximately 1427-approximately 1490. Muqaddimāt1
- Sanūsī, Muḥammad ibn Yūsuf, approximately 1427-approximately 1490. Sharḥ al-Mukhtaṣar fī al-manṭiq1
- Sanūsī, Muḥammad ibn Yūsuf, approximately 1427-approximately 1490. ʻAqīdah al-ṣughrá1
- Saudi Arabia1
- Sayf, King of Yemen, approximately 516-approximately 5741
- Sayfī, Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad Mahdī, -1727 or 1728. Naẓm Zubdat al-uṣūl1
- Sayyidah Nafīsah, 762 or 763-823 or 8241
- Saʻdī Chalabī, Saʻd Allāh ibn ʻĪsá, -1538 or 1539. Ḥāshiyah ʻalá Anwār al-tanzīl1
- Saʻdī, ʻAbd al-Qādir ibn Abī al-Qāsim, d. 1475. Rafʻ al-sutūr wa-al-arāʼik ʻan mukhabbaʼāt Awḍaḥ al-masālik1
- Saʻīdī, Mīr Abū al-Fatḥ ibn Makhdūm, 16th cent. Ḥāshiyah ʻalá sharḥ al-Dawwānī1
- Saʻīdī, Mīr Abū al-Fatḥ ibn Makhdūm, active 16th century. Ḥāshiyah ʻalá Sharḥ al-Dawwānī1
- Scales (Weighing instruments)1
- Schools1
- Science, Medieval1
- Scribes1
- Seals1
- Selim II, Sultan of the Turks, 1524-15741
- Seliḥot1