- Perush ha-Torah (Ibn Ezra, Abraham ben Meïr)1
- Peter Lombard, Bishop of Paris, approximately 1100-11601
- Peter Martyr, Saint, approximately 1205-12521
- Petrini, Mattea1
- Petronibus, Ludovicus Salimbeni de1
- Petrus, de Herenthals, 1322-1390 or 13911
- Philip III, King of Spain, 1578-16211
- Philip IV, King of Spain, 1605-16651
- Philosophers1
- Philosophy and science1
- Philoxenus, Bishop of Hierapolis, approximately 440-5231
- Phlebotomy1
- Physical appearance of Jesus Christ1
- Physical sciences1
- Physics1
- Physics (Aristotle)1
- Physiognomy1
- Piccinino, Nicolo, -14441
- Piccolomini d'Aragona, Antonio di Nanni Todeschini, Duke of Amalfi1
- Piccolomini di Castiglia e d'Aragona, Giacomo di Nanni Todeschini1