- Rāma (Hindu deity)1
- Rāma Daivajña, active 17th century. Muhūrtacintāmaṇi1
- Samaritans1
- Sanjaq Dār, Muḥammad al-Sharīf, active 17th century. Zīj1
- Sanūsī, Muḥammad ibn Yūsuf, approximately 1427-approximately 1490. Mukhtaṣar fī al-manṭiq2
- Sanūsī, Muḥammad ibn Yūsuf, approximately 1427-approximately 1490. Sharḥ al-Mukhtaṣar fī al-manṭiq1
- Saudi Arabia--Mecca2
- Saudi Arabia--Medina1
- Scales (Weighing instruments)1
- Science, Medieval1
- Self (Philosophy)1
- Seventeenth century2
- Shamsīyah (Qazwīnī, ʻAlī ibn ʻUmar)3
- Sharḥ Shamsīyah (Quṭb al-Taḥtānī, Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad)1
- Sharḥ al-Wiqāyah (Maḥbūbī, ʻUbayd Allāh ibn Masʻūd)1
- Sharḥ al-ʻAqāʼid al-ʻAḍudīyah (Dawwānī, Muḥammad ibn Asʻad)1
- Sharḥ Īsāghūjī (Kātī, Ḥusām al-Dīn al-Ḥasan)1
- Shīʻah1
- Sibṭ al-Māridīnī, Badr al-Dīn Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad, 1423- Risālah fī bayān al-ʻamal bi-al-ālah allatī tusammá bi-al-Rubʻ al-mujayyab1
- Siddhāntaśiromaṇi (Bhāskarācārya)2