- Rueda, Bernardino de, active 1553-15691
- Rueda, Luis de, active 1553-15691
- Rueda, Rodrigo de, active 1553-15691
- Rufina, Saint, -approximately 2871
- Rules1
- SS. Annunziata (Church : Florence, Italy)1
- Sacchetti, Angiolo1
- Sacraments--Catholic Church1
- Sajʻ1
- Salat1
- Sales (Islamic law)1
- Salt mines and mining1
- Salviati, Antonio, 1816-18901
- Salviati, Averardo1
- Salviati, Jacopo1
- Samaritans1
- Samarqandī, Muḥammad ibn Ashraf, 13th cent. Risālah fī ādāb al-baḥth1
- Samarqandī, Muḥammad ibn Ashraf, active 13th century. Ṣaḥāʼif al-ilāhīyah1
- San Michele Visdomini (Church : Florence, Italy)1
- San Miniato (Church : Signa, Italy)1