- Medicine, Arab1
- Meteorology1
- Muḥammad, Prophet, -6321
- Muḥaṣṣal (Rāzī, Fakhr al-Dīn Muḥammad ibn ʻUmar)1
- Mysticism1
- Platonists1
- Pratyakṣakhaṇḍa (Gaṅgeśa)1
- Predestination (Islam)1
- Quṭb al-Shīrāzī, Maḥmūd ibn Masʻūd, 1236 or 1237-1310 or 1311. Sharḥ Ḥikmat al-ishrāq1
- Qāḍī Mīr, Ḥusayn ibn Muʻīn al-Dīn, d. 1504 or 5. Sharḥ al-Hidāyah1
- Qūshjī, ʻAlī ibn Muḥammad, -1474 or 1475. Sharḥ al-jadīd ʻalá Tajrīd al-ʻaqāʼid1
- Rainbows1
- Religious life--Islam1
- Rudra (Hindu deity)1
- Rāma (Hindu deity)1
- Samarqandī, Abū al-Qāsim ibn Abī Bakr, active 15th century. Risālah al-Samarqandīyah fī al-istiʻārāt1
- Samarqandī, Muḥammad ibn Ashraf, active 13th century. Risālah fī ādāb al-baḥth1
- Satellites--Phases1
- Sharḥ al-Mawāqif (Jurjānī, ʻAlī ibn Muḥammad, al-Sayyid al-Sharīf)1
- Soul--Christianity1