- Sanjaq Dār, Muḥammad al-Sharīf, active 17th century. Zīj1
- Sanūsī, Muḥammad ibn Yūsuf, approximately 1427-approximately 1490. Muqaddimah1
- Sanūsī, Muḥammad ibn Yūsuf, approximately 1427-approximately 1490. Muqaddimāt1
- Sanūsī, Muḥammad ibn Yūsuf, approximately 1427-approximately 1490. ʻAqīdah al-ṣughrá1
- Saudi Arabia--Badr Ḥunayn1
- Saudi Arabia--Zamzam Well1
- Sayyidah Nafīsah, 762 or 763-823 or 8241
- Saʻdī, ʻAbd al-Qādir ibn Abī al-Qāsim, d. 1475. Rafʻ al-sutūr wa-al-arāʼik ʻan mukhabbaʼāt Awḍaḥ al-masālik1
- Saʻdīyah1
- Saʻīdī, Mīr Abū al-Fatḥ ibn Makhdūm, 16th cent. Ḥāshiyah ʻalá sharḥ al-Dawwānī1
- Saʻīdī, Mīr Abū al-Fatḥ ibn Makhdūm, active 16th century. Ḥāshiyah ʻalá Sharḥ al-Dawwānī1
- Scales (Weighing instruments)1
- Science1
- Science, Medieval1
- Sea monsters1
- Second Advent1
- Selim II, Sultan of the Turks, 1524-15741
- Seven (The number)1
- Sex customs1
- Sex instruction1