- Prayer--Judaism1
- Prescriptions, formulae, receipts, etc.1
- Qāḍīʹzādah, Mūsá ibn Muḥammad, -approximately 1436. Sharḥ Ashkāl al-taʼsīs1
- Recitations1
- Rosh Hodesh1
- Samarqandī, Abū al-Qāsim ibn Abī Bakr, active 15th century. Risālah al-Samarqandīyah fī al-istiʻārāt1
- Samarqandī, Muḥammad ibn Ashraf, active 13th century. Ashkāl al-taʼsīs1
- Sanskrit language--Etymology1
- Sin--Islam1
- Spain1
- Spanish poetry--Classical period1
- Specimens1
- Spiritual life1
- Stars--Names1
- Statutes1
- Superstition1
- Talkhīṣ Miftāḥ al-ʻulūm (Qazwīnī, Jalāl al-Dīn Muḥammad ibn ʻAbd al-Raḥmān)1
- Taqlīd1
- Theological anthropology--Islam1
- Traditional medicine1