- Sacraments--Catholic Church1
- Sajʻ1
- Samaritan Aramaic language1
- Samaritans1
- San Miguel, Josefa de, active 1683-16851
- Schlüsselburg, Konrad, 1543-16191
- Scotland--West Lothian1
- Seliḥot1
- Sexagesimal system1
- Shabbethai Tzevi, 1626-16761
- Sharḥ Bānat Suʻād (Ibn Hishām, ʻAbd Allāh ibn Yūsuf)1
- Sharḥ al-Mawāqif (Jurjānī, ʻAlī ibn Muḥammad, al-Sayyid al-Sharīf)1
- Sharḥ al-ʻAqāʼid al-ʻAḍudīyah (Dawwānī, Muḥammad ibn Asʻad)1
- Shaybānī, Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥasan, approximately 750-804 or 805. Jāmiʻ al-kabīr.--Abridgment1
- Shaybānī, Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥasan, approximately 750-804 or 805. Jāmiʻ al-ṣaghīr fī al-fiqh.--Abridgment1
- Shirwānī, ʻAlī ibn Ibrāhīm, -17061
- Shāfiʻī, Muḥammad ibn Idrīs, 767 or 768-8201
- Shāmil, Imām, 1798?-18711
- Silver mines and mining1
- Sixtus IV, Pope, 1414-14841