- Rifāʻīyah1
- Right of property (Islamic law)1
- Roderick, King of the Visigoths, -711?1
- Rome (Empire)1
- Rüstem Paşa Camii (Istanbul, Turkey)1
- San Miguel, Josefa de, active 1683-16851
- Sancho II, King of Castile and Leon, 1037 or 1038-10721
- Sancho IV, King of Castile and Leon, 1257-12951
- Saudi Arabia--Mecca1
- Science1
- Selim II, Sultan of the Turks, 1524-15741
- Seliḥot1
- Sephardim1
- Shahjahan, Emperor of India, approximately 1592-16661
- Sharḥ Bānat Suʻād (Ibn Hishām, ʻAbd Allāh ibn Yūsuf)1
- Sharḥ al-Wiqāyah (Maḥbūbī, ʻUbayd Allāh ibn Masʻūd)1
- Sharḥ al-ʻAqāʼid al-ʻAḍudīyah (Dawwānī, Muḥammad ibn Asʻad)1
- Shi bu--Zheng shu lei--Tong zhi1
- Since 6401
- Slavery (Islamic law)1